Zabbix — свободная система мониторинга и отслеживания статусов разнообразных сервисов компьютерной сети, серверов и сетевого оборудования, написанная Алексеем Владышевым. Для хранения данных используется MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite или Oracle Database, веб-интерфейс написан на PHP. Поддерживает несколько видов мониторинга:

• Simple checks — может проверять доступность и реакцию стандартных сервисов, таких как SMTP или HTTP, без установки какого-либо программного обеспечения на наблюдаемом хосте.
• Zabbix agent — может быть установлен на UNIX-подобных или Windows-хостах для получения данных о нагрузке процессора, использования сети, дисковом пространстве и так далее.
• External check — выполнение внешних программ, также поддерживается мониторинг через SNMP.

Zabbix начался в 1998 году как внутренний проект в латвийском банке.

7 апреля 2001 года система была выпущена публично под лицензией GPL^[6], первая стабильная версия — 1.0 от 23 марта 2004^[6]. В апреле 2005 года была создана латвийская компания SIA Zabbix для управления проектом^[7]. Практически ежегодно выпускаются новые версии системы, крупные выпуски: 2.0 (2012), 3.0 (2016), 4.0 (2018), 5.0 (2020), 6.0 (2022).

Установка Zabbix 6.0 на VPS с Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS

wget https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.0/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zabbix-release/zabbix-release_6.0-1+ubuntu20.04_all.deb
dpkg -i zabbix-release_6.0-1+ubuntu20.04_all.deb
apt update
sudo -u postgres createuser --pwprompt zabbix
sudo -u postgres createdb -O zabbix Zabbix
zcat /usr/share/doc/zabbix-sql-scripts/postgresql/server.sql.gz | sudo -u zabbix psql Zabbix

/etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
DBPassword=zabbix

Файлы журналов

/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.log
/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log

Обновление 6.2.8 -> 6.4

Процедура

Останов Zabbix server

liv@singularity:~$ service zabbix-server stop
==== AUTHENTICATING FOR org.freedesktop.systemd1.manage-units ===
Authentication is required to stop 'zabbix-server.service'.
Multiple identities can be used for authentication:
 1.  Igor Lytkin,,, (liv)
 2.  PostgreSQL,,, (postgres)
Choose identity to authenticate as (1-2): 1
Password:
==== AUTHENTICATION COMPLETE ===

Back up the existing Zabbix database:

• pgAdmin

Back up configuration files, PHP files and Zabbix binaries:

sudo rm -r /opt/zabbix-backup/
sudo mkdir /opt/zabbix-backup/
sudo cp /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf /opt/zabbix-backup/
sudo cp /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/zabbix.conf /opt/zabbix-backup/

liv@singularity:~$ ls -la /opt/zabbix-backup/
total 40
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Mar 24 03:56 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root  4096 Mar 24 03:56 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1743 Mar 24 03:56 zabbix.conf
-rw------- 1 root root 27272 Mar 24 03:56 zabbix_server.conf

sudo cp -R /usr/share/zabbix/ /opt/zabbix-backup/
sudo cp -R /usr/share/zabbix-* /opt/zabbix-backup/

liv@singularity:~$ ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d/zabbix.list
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/zabbix.list
liv@singularity:~$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/zabbix.list
# Zabbix main repository
deb https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.2/ubuntu jammy main
deb-src https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.2/ubuntu jammy main

# Zabbix unstable repository
#deb https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.1/ubuntu jammy main
#deb-src https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.1/ubuntu jammy main

sudo rm -Rf /etc/apt/sources.list.d/zabbix.list

wget https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zabbix-release/zabbix-release_6.4-1+ubuntu22.04_all.deb

liv@singularity:~$ wget https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zabbix-release/zabbix-release_6.4-1+ubuntu22.04_all.deb
--2023-03-24 04:03:35--  https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zabbix-release/zabbix-release_6.4-1+ubuntu22.04_all.deb
Resolving repo.zabbix.com (repo.zabbix.com)... 178.128.6.101, 2604:a880:2:d0::2062:d001
Connecting to repo.zabbix.com (repo.zabbix.com)|178.128.6.101|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 3744 (3.7K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘zabbix-release_6.4-1+ubuntu22.04_all.deb’
zabbix-release_6.4-1+ubuntu22.04_a 100%[==============================================================>]   3.66K  --.-KB/s    in 0s
2023-03-24 04:03:36 (1.12 GB/s) - ‘zabbix-release_6.4-1+ubuntu22.04_all.deb’ saved [3744/3744]

sudo dpkg -i zabbix-release_6.4-1+ubuntu22.04_all.deb

liv@singularity:~$ sudo dpkg -i zabbix-release_6.4-1+ubuntu22.04_all.deb
(Reading database ... 286987 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack zabbix-release_6.4-1+ubuntu22.04_all.deb ...
Unpacking zabbix-release (1:6.4-1+ubuntu22.04) over (1:6.2-4+ubuntu22.04) ...
Setting up zabbix-release (1:6.4-1+ubuntu22.04) ...

Configuration file '/etc/apt/sources.list.d/zabbix.list'
 ==> Deleted (by you or by a script) since installation.
 ==> Package distributor has shipped an updated version.
   What would you like to do about it ?  Your options are:
    Y or I  : install the package maintainer's version
    N or O  : keep your currently-installed version
      D     : show the differences between the versions
      Z     : start a shell to examine the situation
 The default action is to keep your current version.
*** zabbix.list (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ? D

*** zabbix.list (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ? D
--- /etc/apt/sources.list.d/zabbix.list 1970-01-01 07:00:00.000000000 +0700
+++ /etc/apt/sources.list.d/zabbix.list.dpkg-new        2023-03-06 23:19:30.000000000 +0700
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Zabbix main repository
+deb https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/ubuntu jammy main
+deb-src https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/ubuntu jammy main
+
+# Zabbix unstable repository
+#deb https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.3/ubuntu jammy main
+#deb-src https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.3/ubuntu jammy main

*** zabbix.list (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ? Y
Installing new version of config file /etc/apt/sources.list.d/zabbix.lis

sudo cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/zabbix.list 

liv@singularity:~$ ls -la /etc/apt/sources.list.d/zabbix.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 293 Mar  6 23:19 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/zabbix.list
liv@singularity:~$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/zabbix.list
# Zabbix main repository
deb https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/ubuntu jammy main
deb-src https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/ubuntu jammy main

# Zabbix unstable repository
#deb https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.3/ubuntu jammy main
#deb-src https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.3/ubuntu jammy main

liv@singularity:~$ sudo apt-get update
Hit:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease [119 kB]
Get:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease [110 kB]
Get:4 https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix-agent2-plugins/1/ubuntu jammy InRelease [4,952 B]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease [107 kB]
Get:6 http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt jammy-pgdg InRelease [91.6 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 Packages [949 kB]
Get:8 https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/ubuntu jammy InRelease [4,958 B]
Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main Translation-en [205 kB]
Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [101 kB]
Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 c-n-f Metadata [13.8 kB]
Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 Packages [895 kB]
Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe Translation-en [179 kB]
Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [269 kB]
Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [18.4 kB]
Get:16 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main amd64 Packages [693 kB]
Get:17 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [940 B]
Get:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [7,980 B]
Get:19 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/universe amd64 Packages [19.5 kB]
Get:20 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/universe Translation-en [14.0 kB]
Get:21 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [12.5 kB]
Get:22 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [392 B]
Get:23 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main Translation-en [143 kB]
Get:24 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [41.4 kB]
Get:25 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main amd64 c-n-f Metadata [9,016 B]
Get:26 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security/restricted amd64 Packages [645 kB]
Get:27 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security/restricted Translation-en [100 kB]
Get:28 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security/restricted amd64 c-n-f Metadata [588 B]
Get:29 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security/universe amd64 Packages [714 kB]
Get:30 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security/universe Translation-en [118 kB]
Get:31 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [18.5 kB]
Get:32 https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/ubuntu jammy/main Sources [1,939 B]
Get:33 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [14.1 kB]
Get:34 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [19.4 kB]
Get:35 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security/multiverse amd64 c-n-f Metadata [228 B]
Get:36 https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 Packages [5,490 B]
Fetched 5,646 kB in 2s (2,544 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done

Смена пароля пользователя zabbix СУБД PostgreSQL 

1. Сгенерировать пароль в Kaspersky Password Manager (KPM), записать в KPM (99 символов!).

2. Отредактировать файл конфигурации сервера Zabbix

liv@singularity:~$ sudo nano /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf

- заменить DBPassword=KPM(zabbix)

3. Отредактировать файл конфигурации Zabbix GUI configuration file (спасибо, Silver_47, за решение!)

liv@singularity:~$ sudo nano /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php

- заменить $DB['PASSWORD']                 = 'KPM(zabbix)';

4. Отредактировать файл конфигурации СУБД PostgreSQL

liv@singularity:~$ sudo nano /etc/postgresql/15/main/pg_hba.conf
добавить строку
local   zabbix          zabbix                                  md5

5. Запустить СУБД, сервер Zabbix
liv@singularity:~$ sudo pg_ctlcluster 15 main start
liv@singularity:~$ sudo systemctl start zabbix-server.service

Обновление 6.4.0 -> 6.4.12

liv@singularity:~$ zabbix_server -V
zabbix_server (Zabbix) 6.4.0
Revision 5b2736b6027 6 March 2023, compilation time: Mar  3 2023 14:35:33

Copyright (C) 2023 Zabbix SIA
License GPLv2+: GNU GPL version 2 or later <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it according to
the license. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.openssl.org/).

Compiled with OpenSSL 3.0.2 15 Mar 2022
Running with OpenSSL 3.0.2 15 Mar 2022

Восстановил файл zabbix.list 

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/zabbix.list

# Zabbix main repository

deb https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/ubuntu jammy main
deb-src https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/ubuntu jammy main

# Zabbix unstable repository
#deb https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.3/ubuntu jammy main
#deb-src https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.3/ubuntu jammy main

Проверка обновлений

liv@singularity:~$ sudo apt list --upgradable
Listing... Done
zabbix-agent/jammy 1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04 amd64 [upgradable from: 1:6.4.0-1+ubuntu22.04]
zabbix-apache-conf/jammy 1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04 all [upgradable from: 1:6.4.0-1+ubuntu22.04]
zabbix-frontend-php/jammy 1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04 all [upgradable from: 1:6.4.0-1+ubuntu22.04]
zabbix-server-pgsql/jammy 1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04 amd64 [upgradable from: 1:6.4.0-1+ubuntu22.04]
zabbix-sql-scripts/jammy 1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04 all [upgradable from: 1:6.4.0-1+ubuntu22.04]
zabbix-web-service/jammy 1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04 amd64 [upgradable from: 1:6.4.0-1+ubuntu22.04]

liv@singularity:~$ sudo  apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
  zabbix-agent zabbix-apache-conf zabbix-frontend-php zabbix-server-pgsql zabbix-sql-scripts zabbix-web-service
6 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 19.4 MB of archives.
After this operation, 714 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 zabbix-server-pgsql amd64 1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04 [1,486 kB]
Get:2 https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 zabbix-agent amd64 1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04 [264 kB]
Get:3 https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 zabbix-frontend-php all 1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04 [7,285 kB]
Get:4 https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 zabbix-apache-conf all 1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04 [8,176 B]
Get:5 https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 zabbix-sql-scripts all 1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04 [7,702 kB]
Get:6 https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 zabbix-web-service amd64 1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04 [2,632 kB]
Fetched 19.4 MB in 3s (5,625 kB/s)
(Reading database ... 278575 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../0-zabbix-server-pgsql_1%3a6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking zabbix-server-pgsql (1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04) over (1:6.4.0-1+ubuntu22.04) ...
Preparing to unpack .../1-zabbix-agent_1%3a6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking zabbix-agent (1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04) over (1:6.4.0-1+ubuntu22.04) ...
Preparing to unpack .../2-zabbix-frontend-php_1%3a6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04_all.deb ...
Unpacking zabbix-frontend-php (1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04) over (1:6.4.0-1+ubuntu22.04) ...
Preparing to unpack .../3-zabbix-apache-conf_1%3a6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04_all.deb ...
Unpacking zabbix-apache-conf (1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04) over (1:6.4.0-1+ubuntu22.04) ...
Preparing to unpack .../4-zabbix-sql-scripts_1%3a6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04_all.deb ...
Unpacking zabbix-sql-scripts (1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04) over (1:6.4.0-1+ubuntu22.04) ...
Preparing to unpack .../5-zabbix-web-service_1%3a6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking zabbix-web-service (1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04) over (1:6.4.0-1+ubuntu22.04) ...
Setting up zabbix-sql-scripts (1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04) ...
Setting up zabbix-frontend-php (1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04) ...
Setting up zabbix-server-pgsql (1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04) ...
Setting up zabbix-web-service (1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04) ...
Setting up zabbix-agent (1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04) ...
Setting up zabbix-apache-conf (1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
Scanning processes...
Scanning candidates...
Scanning linux images...

Running kernel seems to be up-to-date.

Restarting services...
 systemctl restart zabbix-server.service

No containers need to be restarted.

No user sessions are running outdated binaries.

No VM guests are running outdated hypervisor (qemu) binaries on this host.

Установка Zabbix-агента версии 2

liv@singularity:~$ sudo apt install zabbix-agent2
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  zabbix-agent2
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 5,124 kB of archives.
After this operation, 17.1 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.4/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 zabbix-agent2 amd64 1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04 [5,124 kB]
Fetched 5,124 kB in 3s (2,048 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package zabbix-agent2.
(Reading database ... 278575 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../zabbix-agent2_1%3a6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking zabbix-agent2 (1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04) ...
Setting up zabbix-agent2 (1:6.4.12-1+ubuntu22.04) ...
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/zabbix-agent2.service → /lib/systemd/system/zabbix-agent2.service.
Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
Scanning processes...
Scanning linux images...

Running kernel seems to be up-to-date.

No services need to be restarted.

No containers need to be restarted.

No user sessions are running outdated binaries.

No VM guests are running outdated hypervisor (qemu) binaries on this host.

Документация, книги

• Руководство по Zabbix